A 2013 study by pediatrician investigates whether it in better to give children the diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTaP) vac
cine in the thigh or the arm. The pediatricians collected the data from two different random samples. The first random sample was collected from children who were given the vaccine in the thigh. The second random sample was collected from children who were given the vaccine in the arm. Pediatricians recorded whether the children had a severe reaction or not. Reference: Jackson. LA., Peterson. D., Nelson. J.C., et al. (13 00 authors). 2013. Vaccination site and risk of local reaction in children one through six years of age. Pediatrics 131:283-289 Pediatricians conducted a chi square test of independence. The chi square test statistic fix this data is 2.0609 with a P value of O 1511. What can the pediatrician conclude? A) There is a statistically significant association between vaccine location and severe reaction. B) Pediatrician, have strong evidence that the severe reaction, to vaccine depend on location of the vaccine. C) The pediatricians cannot make a conclusion The conditions, for use of the chi-square test are not met. D) There is not enough evidence to conclude that there is. an association between vaccine location and severe reaction.
This survey is testing for an association between the vaccine location and severe reactions using the chi-square test of independence.
Null hypothesis: Vaccine location and severe reactions are independent
Alternative: Vaccine location and severe reactions are not independent
With a chi square test statistic of 2.0609 with a P value of 0.1511. Using the p- value in comparison to either α = 0.05 or 0.01, the pediatricians can fail to reject the null as the p-value is greater than 0.05 or 0.01 and can conclude that there is a statistically significant association between vaccine location and severe reaction.
This approach was appropriate because the sampling method was simple random sampling, the variables that were under study were categorical, and the expected frequency count was at least 5 in all values to be able to reach value of 283 and 289.
