Question

Describe the relationship between the radius of a cation and that of the atom from which forms.

Answer 1

The radius of the cation is much smaller than the corresponding neutral atom.(b) The radius of an anion is much larger than the corresponding neutral atom.Explanation:The size of the atom or ion is inversely proportional to the nuclear charge experienced by the electrons.(a)The size of the cation is smaller than the size of the corresponding neutral atom. This is because after removal of an electron from the highest principle energy level the nuclear charge experienced by the valence electrons increases resulting in the decrease in size.(b)The size of an anion is larger than the size of the corresponding neutral atom. In an anion, an extra electron is added to the highest principle energy level but the effective nuclear charge pulling the electrons towards the nucleus is still same. The net effective nuclear charge experienced by the electrons present in the outermost shell decrease. Moreover, due to the added electron, the repulsion between the electrons also increases resulting in the increase in size

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