Answer:
Explanation:
Isotopes are atoms of elements that have the same atomic number but different mass number hence ISOTOPY. Radioactive Isotopes on the other hand are unstable as they either undergo Alpha decay, beta decay or gamma decay compared to stable isotopes.
Radioactive elements decay at varyinf rates as such the rate of radioactive decay is used in the characterization of radioactive element and mostly expressed in terms of the half life of the radioactive elements.
Half life is the time taken for half of the total atoms of an elements to decay into half of its initial sizes. for example, the half life of radium-226 is 1622 years, it implies that if we have 1000000 radium atoms at the beginning, then at the end of 1622years, 500000 would have disintegrated. These phenomenon can never be experienced by stable isotopes as such they can not be used in carbon dating techniques. reason why uranium-238 is mostly and commonly used in the earth crust to estimate the ages of rocks because it has a half life of 4.5 x 10^9 years.
And also, the radioactive isotopes of most common light element are short, they have very short half life (few days or weeks) and they decay rapidly to vanshing point, as such, they are not found in nature to any reasonable extent.
Explanation:
will dissociate into ions as follows.
Hence, 
for this reaction will be as follows.
![K_{sp} = [Pb^{2+}][Br^{-}]^{2}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K_%7Bsp%7D%20%3D%20%5BPb%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5D%5BBr%5E%7B-%7D%5D%5E%7B2%7D)
We take x as the molar solubility of when we dissolve x moles of solution per liter.
Hence, ionic molarities in the saturated solution will be as follows.
![[Pb^{2+}]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BPb%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5D)
= ![[Pb^{2+}]_{o}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BPb%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5D_%7Bo%7D)
+ x
![[Br^{-}]^{2}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BBr%5E%7B-%7D%5D%5E%7B2%7D)
= ![[Br^{-}]_{o}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BBr%5E%7B-%7D%5D_%7Bo%7D)
+ 2x
So, equilibrium solubility expression will be as follows.
= ![([Pb^{2+}]_{o} + x)([Br^{-}]_{o} + 2x)^{2}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%28%5BPb%5E%7B2%2B%7D%5D_%7Bo%7D%20%2B%20x%29%28%5BBr%5E%7B-%7D%5D_%7Bo%7D%20%2B%202x%29%5E%7B2%7D)
Each sodium bromide molecule is giving one bromide ion to the solution. Therefore, one solution contains = 0.10 and there will be no lead ions. So, = 0
So, ![[Br^{-}]_{o} + 2x](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BBr%5E%7B-%7D%5D_%7Bo%7D%20%2B%202x)
will approximately equals to .
Hence, ![K_{sp} = x[Br^{-}]^{2}_{o}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K_%7Bsp%7D%20%3D%20x%5BBr%5E%7B-%7D%5D%5E%7B2%7D_%7Bo%7D)
x = 
M
Thus, we can conclude that molar solubility of is M.
The early ideas of the atom states that the indivisible object is hollow or is a solid object with nothing inside. The later discoveries or works of the scientists states that inside the atoms are the subatomic particles which are the electrons, protons, and neutrons.
In living things, the source of the carbon-14 that is used in radiocarbon dating is carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Living things inhale oxygen, and exhale carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which is why the air and atmosphere are so full of it.
Answer:
25.30 gram
Explanation:
No of moles = given mass / molar mass
No of moles = 63.17/80.06
0.7890 moles
Mass of sulphar = no of moles× molar mass of sulphar
Mass of sulphur = 0.7890×32.065
25.30 gram
