An organic reaction between a substituted alkene and a conjugated diene to form a substituted cyclohexene derivative is said to be Diels-Alder reaction (specifically, [4+2 cycloaddition). The formation of new -bonds is the driving force of this reaction, which is energetically more stable than the
-bonds.
The reaction that takes place due to the heating of dimethyl maleate in presence of 3-sulfolene is as shown in the image.
On heating 3-sulfolene the compound breaks down to give sulfur dioxide gas and butadiene. This diene then reacts with dimethyl maleate which acts as a dienophiles and then these two diene and dienophiles will undergo a Diels-Alder reaction to form a new 6-membered cyclohexene ring.
Thus, the product formed due to the heating of dimethyl maleate in presence of 3-sulfolene is dimethyl cyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarboxylate.
Answer:
<em>The body regulates those levels in an example of homeostasis. When levels decrease, the parathyroid releases hormones. If calcium levels become too high, the thyroid helps out by fixing calcium in the bones and lowering blood calcium levels. The nervous system helps keep homeostasis in breathing patterns.</em>