A pair of vertical, open-ended glass tubes inserted into a horizontal pipe are often used together to measure flow velocity in t
he pipe, a configuration called a Venturi meter. Consider such an arrangement with a horizontal pipe carrying fluid of density p. The fluid rises to heights h1 and h2 in the two open-ended tubes (see figure). The cross-sectional area of the pipe is A1 at the position of tube 1, and A2 at the position of tube 2. Find p1, the gauge pressure at the bottom of tube 1. (Gauge pressure is the pressure in excess of outside atmospheric pressure.) Express your answer in terms of quantities given in the problem introduction and g, the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity.
Solar energy is transformed into other energy forms for our use on Earth – energy for food (chemical energy), electrical energy and heat energy. Energy from the Sun is transformed into chemical energy, which is passed along in a food chain. Without the Sun, there would be no life on Earth.
