I think the correct answer is D. contraction, by preventing an action potential from traveling across the sarcolemma. Acetycholine lreceptors are found on the surface of muscle cells, concentrated in the synapse between nerve cells and muscle cells. When the nerve impulses reaches the axon terminals, a chemical called the neurotransmitter is released, in this case the acetylcholine that stimulates skeletal muscle cell. Therefore a disease that inactivates the acetylcholine will prevent the activation of the muscle.
I believe the answer is B.
DNA is essentially a storage molecule. It contains all of the instructions a cell needs to sustain itself. These instructions are found within genes, which are sections of DNA made up of specific sequences of nucleotides. In order to be implemented, the instructions contained within genes must be expressed, or copied into a form that can be used by cells to produce the proteins needed to support life.
The instructions stored within DNA are read and processed by a cell in two steps: transcription and translation. Each of these steps is a separate biochemical process involving multiple molecules. During transcription, a portion of the cell's DNA serves as a template for creation of an RNA molecule. (RNA, or ribonucleic acid, is chemically similar to DNA, except for three main differences described later on in this concept page.) In some cases, the newly created RNA molecule is itself a finished product, and it serves an important function within the cell. In other cases, the RNA molecule carries messages from the DNA to other parts of the cell for processing. Most often, this information is used to manufacture proteins. The specific type of RNA that carries the information stored in DNA to other areas of the cell is called messenger RNA, or mRNA.
How does transcription proceed?
Transcription begins when an enzyme called RNA polymerase attaches to the DNA template strand and begins assembling a new chain of nucleotides to produce a complementary RNA strand. There are multiple types of types of RNA. In eukaryotes, there are multiple types of RNA polymerase which make the various types of RNA. In prokaryotes, a single RNA polymerase makes all types of RNA. Generally speaking, polymerases are large enzymes that work together with a number of other specialized cell proteins. These cell proteins, called transcription factors, help determine which DNA sequences should be transcribed and precisely when the transcription process should occur.
The digestive and respiratory tracts include the pharynx. The pharynx is found at the back part of the throat and is connected to the mouth and the nasal cavity. It then extends to connect into the esophagus and larynx. The pharynx serves as passageway for air during respiration and food for digestion.
