The given reaction is as follows:
2NO (g) + O₂ (g) = 2NO₂ (g), ΔH = -114 kJ
It is known that dSsurr = -dHsys / T (Temp = 355 K)
So, dSsurr = - (-114 × 1000) / 355
dSsurr = +321.12 J/K
Hence, the value of dSsurr is +321.12 J/K
For a reaction to be spontaneous, dG<0,
Also dStotal = dSsys + dSsurr > 0
It is known that dG = dHsys - TdSsys,
Now let us assume,
dG<0
Also, dStotal = dSsys + dSsurr > 0
(-114 × 1000) - (355 × dSsys) <0
355 × dSsys > -114 × 1000
dSsys > -321
dSsys >dSsurr
dSsys + dSsurr > 0
dStotal > 0
Thus, the assumption is correct, and the given reaction is spontaneous. Hence, the final answer is Ssurr = +321 J/K reaction is spontaneous.
The elements that apply are argon, neon and helium. These elements are called inert gasses and have unique properties that make them unreactive. These elements are so unreactive that they are classified as chemically inert.
The elements belong to a group in the periodic table known as the Noble Gases. They belong to family 18 of the periodic table and have atoms with 8 valence electrons. This configuration causes the gases to be unreactive.
Explanation:
For most folks, a thermometer reading around 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (37 degrees Celsius) means their body temperature is normal. Now, two scientists have an idea why our bodies, as well as those of most other mammals, consistently run at that temperature : A toasty body temperature helps keep nasty fungal infections at bay.
"One of the mysteries about humans and other advanced mammals has been why they are so hot compared with other animals," said study co-author Arturo Casadevall, professor and chair of microbiology and immunology at Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva. "This study helps to explain why mammalian temperatures are all around 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit."
Casdevall's previous work showed that the number of fungal species that can thrive and, therefore, infect an animal declines by 6 percent for every 1.8 degree F (1 C) rise in temperature. This, he claimed, is why reptiles , amphibians and other cold-blooded animals are susceptible to tens of thousands of fungal species, whereas only a few hundred types of fungi can harm humans and other mammals.
We convert the masses of our reactants to moles and use the stoichiometric coefficients to determine which one of our reactants will be limiting.
Dividing the mass of each reactant by its molar mass:
(10 g C2H6)(30.069 g/mol) = 0.3326 mol C2H6
(10 g O2)(31.999 g/mol) = 0.3125 mol O2.
Every 2 moles of C2H6 react with 7 moles of O2. So the number of moles of O2 needed to react completely with 0.3326 mol C2H6 would be (0.3326)(7/2) = 1.164 mol O2. That is far more than the number of moles of O2 that we are given: 0.3125 moles. Thus, O2 is our limiting reactant.
Since O2 is the limiting reactant, its quantity will determine how much of each product is formed. We are asked to find the number of grams (the mass) of H2O produced. The molar ratio between H2O and O2 per the balanced equation is 6:7. That is, for every 6 moles of H2O that is produced, 7 moles of O2 is used up (intuitively, then, the number of moles of H2O produced should be less than the number of moles of O2 consumed).
So, the number of moles of H2O produced would be (0.3125 mol O2)(6 mol H2O/7 mol O2) = 0.2679 mol H2O. We multiply by the molar mass of H2O to convert moles to mass: (0.2679 mol H2O)(18.0153 g/mol) = 4.826 g H2O.
Given 10 grams of C2H6 and 10 grams of O2, 4.826 g of H2O are produced.
