Tin reacts with Fluorine to form two different compounds, A and B. Compounds A contains 77.0 g tin for each 24.6 g of fluorine.
Compound B contains 113.0 g of tin for each 72.4 g of fluorine. What is the lowest whole number mass ratio of tin that combines with a given mass of fluorine?
A contains 38.5 g of tin for each 12.3 g of fluorine: <span>mole ratio: </span> <span>(38.5 g)/(118.71 g/mol):(12.3 g)/(18.998 g/mol) = 0.324:0.647 = 1:2 ⇒ SnF₂ </span>
<span>B contains 56.5 g of tin for each 36.2 g of fluorine: </span> <span>mole ratio: </span> <span>(56.5 g)/(118.71 g/mol):(36.2 g)/(18.998 g/mol) = 0.476:1.905 = 1:4 ⇒ SnF₄
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Carbon and hydrogen are the only two elements in a hydrocarbon. When a hydrocarbon combusts completely in excess oxygen, the products would be and . The and would come from the hydrocarbon, while the atoms would come from oxygen.
Look up the relative atomic mass of these three elements on a modern periodic table:
: .
: .
: .
Calculate the molar mass of and :
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Calculate the number of moles of molecules in of :
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Similarly, calculate the number of moles of molecules in of :
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Note that there is one carbon atom in every molecule. Approximately of molecules would correspond to the same number of atoms. That is: .
On the other hand, there are two hydrogen atoms in every molecule. approximately of molecules would correspond to twice as many atoms. That is: .
The ratio between the two is: .
The empirical formula of a compound gives the smallest whole-number ratio between the elements. For this hydrocarbon, the empirical formula would be .