Cellular respiration is a metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose and produces ATP. The stages of cellular respiration include glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid or Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
During cellular respiration, a glucose molecule is gradually broken down into carbon dioxide and water. Along the way, some ATP is produced directly in the reactions that transform glucose. Much more ATP, however, is produced later in a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation is powered by the movement of electrons through the electron transport chain, a series of proteins embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
These electrons come originally from glucose and are shuttled to the electron transport chain when they gain electrons.
As electrons move down the chain, energy is released and used to pump protons out of the matrix, forming a gradient. Protons flow back into the matrix through an enzyme called ATP synthase, making ATP. At the end of the electron transport chain, oxygen accepts electrons and takes up protons to form water. Glycolysis can take place without oxygen in a process called fermentation. The other three stages of cellular respiration—pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation—require oxygen in order to occur. Only oxidative phosphorylation uses oxygen directly, but the other two stages can't run without oxidative phosphorylation.). As electrons move down the chain, energy is released and used to pump protons out of the matrix, forming a gradient. Protons flow back into the matrix through an enzyme called ATP synthase, making ATP. At the end of the electron transport chain, oxygen accepts electrons and takes up protons to form water.
Glycolysis can take place without oxygen in a process called fermentation. The other three stages of cellular respiration—pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation—require oxygen in order to occur. Only oxidative phosphorylation uses oxygen directly, but the other two stages can't run without oxidative phosphorylation.
Answer:
Explanation:
Aftershocks are earthquakes that follow the largest shock of an earthquake sequence. They are smaller than the mainshock and within 1-2 fault lengths distance from the mainshock fault.
Foreshocks are relatively smaller earthquakes that precede the largest earthquake in a series, which is termed the mainshock.
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The answer to your question is D. Amniotic egg.
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Answer:
Explanation:
Brucellosis spreads from infected animals with the disease, or from any unpasteurized milk from cows who may have the disease. It is a very rare disease in the United States. Brucellosis can also be called Bangs.
The answer is Option B. Bangs. Best of Luck!
Assuming that the affection is a recessive trait caused by a single diallelic gene, the percentage of the population that possess the heter0zyg0us advantage is 32%.
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- 1000 of African people population
- 4% of the population is born with sickle cell anemia
100% of the population -------------------- 1000 individuals
4% of the population with anemia------- X = (4 x 1000) / 100 = 40
0.04 is the frequency of individuals with sickle cell anemia.
Assuming that the affection is a recessive trait caused by a single diallelic gene, we can get the allelic frequency as follows.
- The genotypic frequency is q² = 0.04
- The allelic frequency is q = √0.04 = 0.2
Having the recessive allelic frequency, we can get the dominant allelic frequency, by clearing the following equation,
p + q = 1
p = 1 - q
p = 1 - 0.2
p = 0.8
So, the allelic frequencies are
p = 0.8
q = 0.2
To get the heter0zyg0us frequency, we just need to replace the values
2pq = 2 x p x q = 2 x 0.2 x 0.8 = 0.32
The frequency of the heter0zyg0us genotype is 0.32 = 32%.
32% of the population possess the heterozygous advantage.
You can learn more about Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at
brainly.com/question/8667324
