Answer : The correct option is, (3) change states of matter.
Explanation :
Latent heat : It is defined as the heat required to convert the solid into liquid or vapor and a liquid into a vapor without changing the temperature.
There are two types of latent heat.
(1) Latent heat of fusion
(2) Latent heat of vaporization
Latent heat of fusion : It is defined as the amount of heat energy released or absorbed when the solid converted to liquid at atmospheric pressure at its melting point.
Latent heat of vaporization : It is defined as the amount of heat energy released or absorbed when the liquid converted to vapor at atmospheric pressure at its boiling point.
Hence, latent heat is used to change states of matter.
D. this is the correct answer because the question is showing a comparison of sizes rather than the actual sizes which eliminates B. A and C have no relevance.
Answer:

Explanation:
Group 4A contains a total of 4 electrons for each atom in their valence shell. Filling the orbital diagram, let's say, for carbon, notice that when we start with period 2, we have two elements in the s-block, that is, lithium and beryllium. They correspond to the two s electrons that belong to the valence shell of carbon.
Moving on, we have boron and carbon, the remaining 2 electrons. Now, starting with boron, we're in the p-block.
That said, looking at the second period, the electron configuration for the valence shell of a group 4A element would be:

Explanation:
The structure of Ferrarrisite Ca5(HAs O4)2(AsO4)2