Answer:
Alkali and alkaline-earth cations are energetically stable with an empty valence shell. Atoms of alkali and alkaline-earth elements achieve octets after losing one (alkali) or two (alkaline-earth) electrons such that they minimize the potential energy of the system.
Water molecules forming hydrogen bonds with one another. The partial negative charge on the O of one molecule can form a hydrogen bond with the partial positive charge on the hydrogens of other molecules. Water molecules are also attracted to other polar molecules and to ions.
The oxidation state of the compound Mn (ClO4)3 is to be determined in this problem. For oxygen, the charge is 2-, the total considering its number of atoms is -24. Mn has a charge of +3. TO compute for Mn, we must achieve zero charge overall hence 3+3x-24=0 where x is the Cl charge. Cl charge, x is +7.
