Answer:
In biology, adaptationism is the perspective that considers that the majority of traits are optimal adaptations achieved by natural selection.
Explanation:
Among his most famous defenders are John Maynard Smith, W.D. Hamilton, Richard Dawkins and Daniel Dennett. Adaptationism has been criticized by authors such as Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin.
Stephen J. Gould summarizes the "adaptationist program" in the following arguments:
- Adaptation is the central phenomenon of evolution, and the key to understanding its mechanisms.
- Natural selection builds adaptation.
- Natural selection maintains an overwhelmingly predominant relative frequency as a cause of adaptation. Variation only provides raw material and cannot do the job without help.
<u>Characteristics of adaptationism
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Gould and Lewontin (1979) summarize the following way of proceeding from the adaptationist program:
- Atomization of the organism: division of the organism into discrete and disconnected features.
- Optimization of the parts by natural selection.
- Explanation of the adaptations.
The light-dark cycle caused by the rising and setting of the sun is responsible for what are called circadian rhythms. These are biological processes that show a cycle of around 24 hours, the time between consecutive rising of the sun. Experiments have shown that without the external cue of sunlight, the circadian rhythms of organisms tend to break down. These can be reset by being re-exposed to these cues. Jet lag is due in part to a re-setting of the circadian rhythm, as you travel to a different time zone, your body has to become used to a different timing of night and day. <span> </span>
Obviously sun plants are increasing more than shade plants by Light intensity and Rate of Photosynthesis. The Shade plants are decreasing by Light intensity
<span>It leads to an increase level of biodiversity.</span>
