1. Introduction. This paper discusses a special form of positive dependence.
Positive dependence may refer to two random variables that have
a positive covariance, but other definitions of positive dependence have
been proposed as well; see [24] for an overview. Random variables X =
(X1, . . . , Xd) are said to be associated if cov{f(X), g(X)} ≥ 0 for any
two non-decreasing functions f and g for which E|f(X)|, E|g(X)|, and
E|f(X)g(X)| all exist [13]. This notion has important applications in probability
theory and statistical physics; see, for example, [28, 29].
However, association may be difficult to verify in a specific context. The
celebrated FKG theorem, formulated by Fortuin, Kasteleyn, and Ginibre in
[14], introduces an alternative notion and establishes that X are associated if
∗
SF was supported in part by an NSERC Discovery Research Grant, KS by grant
#FA9550-12-1-0392 from the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and
the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), CU by the Austrian Science
Fund (FWF) Y 903-N35, and PZ by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme
PIOF-GA-2011-300975.
MSC 2010 subject classifications: Primary 60E15, 62H99; secondary 15B48
Keywords and phrases: Association, concentration graph, conditional Gaussian distribution,
faithfulness, graphical models, log-linear interactions, Markov property, positive
U have to multiply and then divide it and find that scale
25.02-24=1.02
1.02/24=0.0425
The sales tax rate is 4.25%.
Answer: Average rates of change for Bird A is 0.045 and for Bird B is 3.816.
Step-by-step explanation: Through its graph, a function can be analyzed and be identified its attributes. Average Rate of Change is the ratio of change in the function values to the change of x-value, i.e., it is the slope of the function in a specific interval of x. With the Average it is possible to compare two function.
<u>Average Rate of Change</u>
<em><u>Bird A</u></em>:
For the interval [0,18]:
x₁ = 0 f(0) = 8.3
x₂ = 18 f(18) = 9.1
Average = 
Average = 
Average = 0.045
<em><u>Bird B</u></em>: y = 3.6(1.06)x
For the interval [0,18]:
x₁ = 0 y = 3.6(1.06)0 = 0
x₂ = 18 y = 3.6(1.06)18 = 68.7
Average =
Average = 
Average = 3.816
The Average Rate for Change for Bird A is 0.045 and for Bird B is 3.816. This means that the population of Bird B increase in rate faster than the population of Bird A.
