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Lemur [1.5K]
2 years ago
14

The null and alternative hypotheses for a population proportion, as well as the sample results, are given. Use StatKey or other

technology to generate a randomization distribution and calculate a p-value. StatKey tip: Use "Test for a Single Proportion" and then "Edit Data" to enter the sample information.
Hypotheses: H0: p = 0.5 vs Ha: p<⁢0.5 ;
Sample data: p^ = 38/100 = 0.38 with n = 100.
Mathematics
1 answer:
zloy xaker [14]2 years ago
4 0

Answer:

z=\frac{0.38 -0.5}{\sqrt{\frac{0.5(1-0.5)}{100}}}=-2.4  

p_v =P(z  

And we can use the following excel code to find it:

"=NORM.DIST(-2.4,0,1,TRUE)"

Step-by-step explanation:

Data given and notation

n=100 represent the random sample taken

\hat p=0.38 estimated proportion of interesst

p_o=0.5 is the value that we want to test

\alpha represent the significance level

z would represent the statistic (variable of interest)

p_v represent the p value (variable of interest)  

Concepts and formulas to use  

We need to conduct a hypothesis in order to test the claim that the proportion is lower than 0.5:  

Null hypothesis:p \geq 0.5  

Alternative hypothesis:p < 0.5  

When we conduct a proportion test we need to use the z statistic, and the is given by:  

z=\frac{\hat p -p_o}{\sqrt{\frac{p_o (1-p_o)}{n}}} (1)  

The One-Sample Proportion Test is used to assess whether a population proportion \hat p is significantly different from a hypothesized value p_o.

Calculate the statistic  

Since we have all the info requires we can replace in formula (1) like this:  

z=\frac{0.38 -0.5}{\sqrt{\frac{0.5(1-0.5)}{100}}}=-2.4  

Statistical decision  

It's important to refresh the p value method or p value approach . "This method is about determining "likely" or "unlikely" by determining the probability assuming the null hypothesis were true of observing a more extreme test statistic in the direction of the alternative hypothesis than the one observed". Or in other words is just a method to have an statistical decision to fail to reject or reject the null hypothesis.  

The next step would be calculate the p value for this test.  

Since is a left tailed test the p value would be:  

p_v =P(z  

And we can use the following excel code to find it:

"=NORM.DIST(-2.4,0,1,TRUE)"

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Ne4ueva [31]

Answer:

0.2177 = 21.77% conditional probability that she does, in fact, have the disease

Step-by-step explanation:

Conditional Probability

We use the conditional probability formula to solve this question. It is

P(B|A) = \frac{P(A \cap B)}{P(A)}

In which

P(B|A) is the probability of event B happening, given that A happened.

P(A \cap B) is the probability of both A and B happening.

P(A) is the probability of A happening.

In this question:

Event A: Test positive

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Probability of a positive test:

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Positive test and has the disease, so 90% of 3%

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0.2177 = 21.77% conditional probability that she does, in fact, have the disease

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