The codon is a set of 3 nucleotides that can be read to convey a message in your DNA. It can be a code saying to "start" the process of protein synthesis, or "stop" it, or to encode for an amino acid - the building blocks of proteins.
<span>The DNA is read, and proteins are made by DNA Polymerase (simple version here, it is more complicated, but this is the gist of it) travelling down the DNA. As it travels, it reads the nucleotides and builds a chain of amino acids, that corresponds to the information gleaned from the DNA. </span>
<span>So, the codon is only on one side of the DNA, and there are 2 sides. In order to be able to keep the DNA safe, and package it well (and loads of other reasons ) there is a complimentary strand. The nucleotides that make up DNA are A, T, C, and G. A links to T and C to G, and vice versa. </span>
So if your DNA strand's codons read "AAG AGG TCA"
Then the complimentary strand will read "TTC TCC AGT" the three codons on the complimentary strand ARE THE ANTICODONS of the codons on the strand being read (aka "expressed").
<span>So a codon and an anti codon are made of the same things, it just is a matter of which is being actively expressed. Now, this gets insanely complicated when you learn more about reading frames! Not only are there those codons, but if you shift and start reading the "code" either one nucleotide earlier or later, it completely changes the message.</span>
Explanation:
Question 1
Air pollution is the introduction of harmful gases and substances into the atmosphere that renders it unfit for use for life. Some of these toxic gases and particulates are:
- Carbon monoxide
- Carbon dioxide
- Nitrogen oxides
- Smoke
- Dust particles
- Soot
Question 2
Natural forms are the original nature or outlook of a substance. Examples of natural forms are:
- Flowers
- Leaves
- Animals
- Rocks
- Shells
- Corals
Question 3
Anthropogenic cause of pollution are human causes of pollution. Some of these are:
- Combustion of fossil fuels in internal combustion engines release harmful and toxic gases into the atmosphere and causes hair pollution.
- Improper disposal of waste can produce effluent that reaches the ground water system and other fresh water sources.
- Noise pollution from airports is very harmful to ear.
- Mining activities degrades soil and removes rich fertile soils that should be used for agriculture.
- Mining wastes can lead to contamination of water bodies around.
Question 4
Fossil fuels are fuel types that forms from natural process in which organisms are decomposed anaerobically to preserve their energy components. Some of these fuels are:
Question 5
- Heart diseases ; ischaemic heart diseases can lead to failure of the heart when it does not receive enough oxygen from the environment. Air pollution contaminates available oxygen in the atmosphere and this is very dangerous to life.
- Lung cancer: poor air quality can lead to the development of cancerous tumor in the lungs.
- Asthma: air pollution is one of the leading cause of asthma.
Other notable mentions are bronchitis, pulmonary diseases, stroke
Question 6
_7 million____ people die each year from air pollution according to the world health organization
Question 7
Air Quality Index(AQI) is an indicator used to express the quality of air in particular area. The AQI can tell the present air quality condition. It can also be used to forecast future air quality in years to come.
It shows how clean and polluted the air is.
Question 8
The air quality index uses different colors to alert people about the quality of air. Each color represents different health implication of air quality:
Attached image shows the different colors used to alert people of about the air quality.
Question 9
- About 7 million people die annually as a result of air pollution
- Beijing cough is new disease that emanates from the rising air pollution in Beijing
- Asia has the fastest rising cases of air pollution problems.
- The best way to reduce air pollution is by riding bicycles and walking more.
Learn more:
Air pollution brainly.com/question/10743354
#learnwithBrainly
Answer:
A mutation in Ras protein which will cause hyperactivity will eventually lead to cancer.
Explanation:
Ras protein was first discovered in Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) and it is a proto-oncogene product. In normal conditions, it plays an important role in cellular signalling but in case of gain of function/hyperactivity it gets converted into cellular oncogene. In several types of cancers a point mutation has been reported in Ras protein.
Just like G protein, it is also a GTPase switch protein but unlike G protein which is trimeric, it is monomeric. In the plasma membrane, it is attached with the help of lipids like prenyl or palmitoyl groups. During signal transduction pathway when it gets activated, it downstream activates MAPK pathway and causes gene expression but when it gets hyperactivated it causes over expression of genes leading to cancer.