Question

What happens before mitosis occurs?

Answer 1

Answer:

The correct answer would be C.) The cell grows and makes a copy of its genetic material.

Cell cycle can be divided into two phases namely; inter-phase and mitotic phase.

Inter-phase or resting phase is the phase occurs between two consecutive mitotic phases.

It is sub-divided into three phases:

Gap 1 (G₁) phase: The cell actively performs its functions during this phase. It grows in size, transcribe and translate all the enzymes, proteins and other components which are necessary for replication of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).

Synthesis (S) phase: It is the phase during which DNA content of the cell is replicated or synthesized. After this phase, the DNA content of the cell doubles however, the chromosome number remains the same.

Gap 2 (G₂) phase: The cell resumes its growth and prepares itself for cell division or mitotic phase. The cell organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts (in plants) also divide during this phase. The cell continues to grow until it enters mitotic phase.

Hence, we can conclude that the cell grows and makes copy of its genetic material ( usually DNA) before mitosis.

Answer 2

The interphase stage takes place before the process of mitosis. Mitosis is also called equational division in which the replicated chromosomes are separated into two equal daughter cells. It gives rise to genetically identical cells with equal number of chromosomes.

Further Explanation:

Before mitosis, interphase stage which involves the series of changes occurs in the nucleus and newly formed cell before it prepares for cell division. This phase is also called as resting phase. In this phase, the cell is metabolically active. Size of cells increases and becomes double. At the end of interphase, the cell is ready for equational division or mitosis into two daughter cells. Interphase stage involves three stages such as,

(i) G1 Phase: This phase is also called as first growth phase. It is the phase that takes place between the end of M-phase of previous cell cycle and process of initiation of DNA replication. This phase is the longest phase of interphase. In this phase, the cell is metabolically active and grows continuously. The synthesis of RNA and protein also takes place during this phase.

(ii) S-phase: During this phase the cell division undergoes the complete DNA synthesis in which cell replicates its genetic material. The diploid (2n) set of chromosome are replicated to form two set of diploid chromosome. The centrosome which is microtubule- organizing structure also duplicated in this phase. It helps in separating each thread of chromosome during M-phase.

(iii) G2 phase: This phase is also called as second growth phase in which the process of DNA synthesis stops. But the synthesis of RNA and protein takes place. This is required for the cell organelles multiplication and cell growth. The cell is prepared for cell division in this phase.

Learn More:

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Answer Details:

Grade: Higher secondary

Subject: Biology

Chapter: Cell cycle and cell division

Keywords:

Interphase, nucleus, cell division, cell, DNA, RNA, protein, amino acid, microtubule, diploid, centromere.