The answer is c
Phosphorus is often the limiting nutrient, or nutrient that is most scarce and thus limits growth, in aquatic ecosystems.
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<h2>(A) is the correct option </h2>
Explanation:
- Hydrothermal vents, also known as deep sea vents are the aftermath of a volcanic eruption due to shifting of the plates that form the Earth’s crust
- Black smokers are formed due to the high pressure at this depth and temperature of the trapped water because of which there is low oxygen content of water
- The black smokers emit fluids and causing it to emit chemicals such as sulfide, iron, copper and zinc
- Barophiles are organisms whose survival and reproduction is optimized to high pressures, such as those in deep sea environments
- Psychrophiles are microorganisms that can grow at 0 °C and below, have an optimum growth temperature close to 15 °C, and usually do not survive at temperatures above 20 °C
- They are found in permanently cold environments such as the deep waters of the oceans and because they are active at low temperature, psychrophiles are important decomposers in cold climates
Helicases are used separate strands of a DNA double helix or a self-annealed RNA molecule using the energy from ATP hydrolysis, characterized by the breaking of hydrogen bonds between annealed nucleotide bases. They also function to remove nucleic acid-associated proteins and catalyze homologous DNA
gyrase is an enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent negative super-coiling of double-stranded closed-circular DNA. Gyrase is a class of enzyme called topoisomerases that are involved in the control of topological transitions of DNA.
Fishes and bottom dwelling worms cope with the fluctuating salinity within estuaries over the tidal cycle with the use of transport system such as active and passive transport.
<h3>How active and passive transport system are used?</h3>
In salty water, fish and other marine organisms used active transport in which energy is used to remove salts from the body of these marine organisms because excess salts are harmful for them.
So we can conclude that Fishes use transport system such as active and passive transport to cope with the fluctuation of salt concentration.
Learn more about salinity here: brainly.com/question/20283396
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