Answer:
They are adapted for photosynthesis by having a large surface area, and contain openings, called stomata to allow carbon dioxide into the leaf and oxygen out. Although these design features are good for photosynthesis, they can result in the leaf losing a lot of water. The cells inside the leaf have water on their surface. Some of this water evaporates, and the water vapour can then escape from inside the leaf.
Answer:
Transcription, mRNA (processing, transport, localization and stability), translation.
Explanation:
- Transcription is regulated in two levels, though chromatin regulation (methylation and acetylation) to loose or increase histone's affinity to DNA and through cis and trans elements such as promoters, enhancers, and silencers (cis) to active/deactivate and RNA polymerase and transcription factors and co-factors (trans).
- mRNA can be regulated using poly-A tails or 5'-caps to shorten or give them more time before they degrade, it could also be spliced to eliminate introns.
- In the translation stage, the regulation occurs during the initiation through a scanning procedure that ensures the 40s ribosomal subunit bind correctly to the untranslated portion of RNA
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Largest- Oak trees Smallest- Toads
Tumor suppressor genes encode for proteins that inhibit or slow the progression of the cell cycle through a specific stage.they also encode for check point control proteins that arrests the cell cycle if the DNA is damaged or the chromosomes are abnormal. Mutation in the tumor suppressor genes that cause a loss or decreased function would lead to uncontrolled cell cycle leading to abnormal proliferation and the cell may become cancerous.
