John Calvin was a Christian theologian from Geneva who was famous especially during the Protestant Reformation. He was believed to have a major impact on the modern perspective of the protestant belief.
Predestination is the belief that everything had already been predestined, meaning planned out by God. It propagates that the human free will has no control over the predestined act of God, thereby making man's plans futile over anything. John Calvin also thought and even seemed to propagate through his Calvinistic beliefs that those that were saved by God will eventually be saved, whether they do sinful things or not.
Iberian Peninsula, with a focus on Spain in particular. Peninsulares were Spanish born Spanish citizens residing in the New World and stood at the top of the food chain in the New World.
