During the dark ages-All that wasn't around the christian religion were lost. Knowledge and discoveries before the Dark Ages were mainly in Greek ideas. Biblic scripts however were in Latin. Therefore all inventions up to the dark ages were lost and only religious scripts preserved in the churches. Outside the church, no one knew how to write, read or even communicate.
I believe it is C; reasoning being that the hint for physical change is," the producing of a gas," chemical "that's new and diff. substance. "
The atomic mass on the periodic table represents the sum of number of protons and number of neutrons.
Atomic mass = Number of protons + number of neutrons
Hope this helps!