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defon
3 years ago
12

A constant-volume calorimeter was calibrated by carrying out a reaction known to release 3.50 kJ of heat in 0.200 L of solution

in the calorimeter (q =3.50 kJ), resulting in a temperature rise of 7.32C. In a subsequent experiment, 100.0 mL of 0.200 m HBr(aq) and 100.0 mL of 0.200 m KOH(aq) were mixed in the same calorimeter and the temperature rose by 2.49C. What is the change in the internal energy of the neutralization reaction?
Chemistry
1 answer:
Dmitrij [34]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

The change in internal energy is - 1.19 kJ

Explanation:

<u>Step 1:</u> Data given

Heat released = 3.5 kJ

Volume calorimeter = 0.200 L

Heat release results in a 7.32 °C

Temperature rise for the next experiment = 2.49 °C

<u>Step 2:</u> Calculate Ccalorimeter

Qcal = ccal * ΔT ⇒ 3.50 kJ = Ccal *7.32 °C

Ccal = 3.50 kJ /7.32 °C = 0.478 kJ/°C

<u>Step 3:</u> Calculate energy released

Qcal = 0.478 kJ/°C *2.49 °C = 1.19 kJ

<u>Step 4:</u> Calculate change in internal energy

ΔU =  Q + W       W = 0  (no expansion)

Qreac = -Qcal = - 1.19 kJ

ΔU = - 1.19 kJ

The change in internal energy is - 1.19 kJ

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Consider the following equilibrium: 2SO^2(g) + O2(9) = 2 SO3^(g)
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Answer:

At equilibrium, the forward and backward reaction rates are equal.

The forward reaction rate would decrease if \rm O_2 is removed from the mixture. The reason is that collisions between \rm SO_2 molecules and \rm O_2\! molecules would become less frequent.

The reaction would not be at equilibrium for a while after \rm O_2 was taken out of the mixture.

Explanation:

<h3>Equilibrium</h3>

Neither the forward reaction nor the backward reaction would stop when this reversible reaction is at an equilibrium. Rather, the rate of these two reactions would become equal.

Whenever the forward reaction adds one mole of \rm SO_3\, (g) to the system, the backward reaction would have broken down the same amount of \rm SO_3\, (g)\!. So is the case for \rm SO_2\, (g) and \rm O_2\, (g).

Therefore, the concentration of each species would stay the same. There would be no macroscopic change to the mixture when it is at an an equilibrium.

<h3>Collision Theory</h3>

In the collision theory, an elementary reaction between two reactants particles takes place whenever two reactant particles collide with the correct orientation and a sufficient amount of energy.

Assume that \rm SO_2\, (g) and \rm O_2\, (g) molecules are the two particles that collide in the forward reaction. Because the collision has to be sufficiently energetic to yield \rm SO_3\, (g), only a fraction of the reactions will be fruitful.

Assume that \rm O_2\, (g) molecules were taken out while keeping the temperature of the mixture stays unchanged. The likelihood that a collision would be fruitful should stay mostly the same.

Because fewer \!\rm O_2\, (g) molecules would be present in the mixture, there would be fewer collisions (fruitful or not) between \rm SO_2\, (g) and \rm O_2\, (g)\! molecules in unit time. Even if the percentage of fruitful collisions stays the same, there would fewer fruitful collisions in unit time. It would thus appear that the forward reaction has become slower.

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The backward reaction rate is likely going to stay the same right after \rm O_2\, (g) was taken out of the mixture without changing the temperature or pressure.

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