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3 years ago

Two point charges, a +45nC charge X and a +12nC charge Y are separated by a distance of 0.5m.

Physics

1 answer:

Gnoma [55]3 years ago

4 0

A) Calculate the resultant electric field strength at the midpoint between the charges.

Qx is the charge at X and Qy is the charge at Y.

E at midpoint = k×Qx/0.25² - k×Qy/0.25²

k = 9×10⁹Nm²C⁻², Qx = 45nC, Qy = 12nC

E = 4752N/C

Well done.

B) Calculate the distance from X at which the electric field strength is zero.

Let D be some point between X and Y for which the net E field is 0.

Let d be the distance from X to D.

Set up the following equation:

E at D = k×Qx/d² - k×Qy/(0.5-d)² = 0

Do some algebra to solve for d:

k×Qx/d² = k×Qy/(0.5-d)²

Qx/d² = Qy/(0.5-d)²

Qx(0.5-d)² = Qyd²

(0.5-d)√Qx = d√Qy

0.5√Qx-d√Qx = d√Qy

d(√Qx+√Qy) = 0.5√Qx

d = (0.5√Qx)/(√Qx+√Qy)

Plug in Qx = 45nC, Qy = 12nC

d ≈ 330mm

C) Calculate the magnitude of the electric field strength at the point P on the diagram below.

First determine the angles of the triangle. The sides of the triangle are 0.3m, 0.4m, and 0.5m, so this is a right triangle where the angle between the 0.3m and 0.4m sides is 90°

∠Y = tan⁻¹(0.4/0.3) = 53.13°

∠X = 90-∠Y = 36.87°

Determine the horizontal component of E at P:

Ex = E from Qx × cos(∠X) - E from Qy × cos(∠Y)

Ex = k×Qx/0.4²×cos(36.87°) - k×Qy/0.3²×cos(53.13°)

Ex = 1305N/C

Determine the vertical component of E at P:

Ey = E from Qx × sin(∠X) - E from Qy × sin(∠Y)

Ey = k×Qx/0.4²×sin(36.87°) - k×Qy/0.3²×sin(53.13°)

Ey = 2479N/C

Use the Pythagorean theorem to determine the magnitude of E at P:

E = √(Ex²+Ey²)

E ≈ 2802N/C

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A) The electric field inside the paint layer is zero

B) The electric field just outside the paint layer is $3.2\cdot 10^7 N/C$ (radially inward)

C) The electric field at 6.00 cm from the surface is $1.2\cdot 10^7 N/C$ (radially inward)

Explanation:

We can solve the problem by applying Gauss Law, which states that the electric flux through a Gaussian surface must be equal to the charge contained in the surface divided by the vacuum permittivity:

$\int EdS = \frac{q}{\epsilon_0}$

where

E is the magnitude of the electric field

dS is the element of the surface

q is the charge contained within the surface

$\epsilon_0$ is the vacuum permittivity

By taking a sphere centered in the origin,

$\int E dS = E \cdot 4\pi r^2$

where $4\pi r^2$ is the surface of the Gaussian sphere of radius r.

In this problem, we want to find the electric field just inside the paint layer, so we take a value of r smaller than

$R=9.0 cm = 0.09 m$ (radius of the plastic sphere is half of the diameter)

Since the charge is all distributed over the plastic sphere, the charge contained within the Gaussian sphere is zero:

$q=0$

And therefore,

$E4\pi r^2 = 0\\\rightarrow E = 0$

So, the electric field inside the plastic sphere is zero.

Here we apply again Gauss Law:

$E\cdot 4 \pi r^2 = \frac{q}{\epsilon_0}$

In this case, we want to calculate the electric field just outside the paint layer: this means that we take r as the radius of the plastic sphere, so

$r=R=0.18 m$

The charge contained within the Gaussian sphere is therefore

$q=-29.0 \mu C = -29.0\cdot 10^{-6}C$

Therefore, the electric field is

$E=\frac{q}{4\pi \epsilon_0 R^2}=\frac{-29.0\cdot 10^{-6}}{4\pi (8.85\cdot 10^{-12})(0.09)^2}=-3.2\cdot 10^7 N/C$

And the negative sign indicates that the direction of the field is radially inward (because the charge that generates the field is negative). However, the text of the question says "Enter positive value if the field is directed radially inward and negative value if the field is directed radially outward", so the answer to this part is

$E=3.2\cdot 10^7 N/C$

For this part again, we apply Gauss Law:

$E\cdot 4 \pi r^2 = \frac{q}{\epsilon_0}$

In this case, we want to calculate the field at a point 6.00 cm outside the surface of the paint layer; this means that the radius of the Gaussian sphere must be

r = 9 cm + 6 cm = 15 cm = 0.15 m

While the charge contained within the sphere is again

$q=-29.0 \mu C = -29.0\cdot 10^{-6}C$

Therefore, the electric field in this case is

$E=\frac{q}{4\pi \epsilon_0 R^2}=\frac{-29.0\cdot 10^{-6}}{4\pi (8.85\cdot 10^{-12})(0.15)^2}=-1.2\cdot 10^7 N/C$