Answer:
Option C: Each granddaughter cell is haploid (n)
Explanation:
A diploid cell is a cell that contains two full sets of chromosomes. Meiosis is a process whereby the the original diploid cell produces 4 cells. These cells contain half of the genetic information that the diploid cell that underwent division contained. These cells that contain half of the chromosome types are referred to as haploids. These haploids have just one complete set of chromosomes whereas the diploid (as the name suggests) has two full sets. Examples of haploids are the reproductive, or sperm, cells that humans have. So essentially, haploids are the reproductive cells that are produced by meiosis.
Now, meiosis divides the cell by 4 whereas, through mitosis however, each cell splits into two. These two cells that were produced are completely identical to each other which means that they have the same number of chromosomes and are, therefore, haploids themselves as well.
Estuaries, often reffered to as the nurseries of the sea provide feedind habitats for many aquatic animals and plants. Fish and shellfish commonly eaten in the U.S such as oyesters and Salmon complete almost half of their lifecycles in estuaries. Due to its shallow water,Pamlico estuary especially provides opportunities such as Fishing, crabbing and watersports as well.
We can be able to determine this concept by basing our facts on two concepts. Nutrient Influx, upon reaching the estuarian ecosystem, the nutrients in the presence of sunlight undergoes photosynthesis and produce phytoplanktons. Basically, where there is sunlight, we can assume there is a nutrient influx. Presence of Phytoplanktons will in turn help attract animals such as fish. Also, another contribution of nutrient influx is manure produced by the animals
Sewage treatment plans and fertilizer runoff. Auto emissions of nitrogen, fertilizers applied on golf courses and home gardens can contribute. Some plankton species may produce toxins that might cause these outbreaks
In human gene therapy, a genetically modified virus (a.k.a. a viral vector) can alter the genetic variation of a cell, but not all viral vectors do.
The process often begins with the delivery of or creation of a segment of viral double stranded DNA (containing the gene you want to introduce). Then typically an enzyme known as an integrase cuts the ends of the segment of viral DNA and also cuts open the cell's DNA. Then the viral DNA is integrated/ inserted into the cell's DNA. The connecting ends are ligated together and adjusted so that the nucleotide base pairs match up.
This in the future may affect the gene pool for instance if the viral DNA (your gene) was inserted in the middle of another gene or important regulatory sequence of the cell DNA, and this alteration may be passed on into offspring and become present in the gene pool, which could have bad effects.
The effects on the gene pool really depends on what the virus ends up doing. For example, it may fix the function of a damaged gene which is the goal, and allow for a working gene to be in the gene pool, which would be good. The problem with gene therapy is that it's difficult to predict 100% what the virus will do every time it is given to a patient.
But it's very important to consider that it will only affect the gene pool if the virus is able to enter and alter germ cells (reproductive cells). If the virus, enters somatic cells (regular body cells) this will not be passed on to future generations. So viruses can be designed to avoid germ cells and avoid this gene pool issue. Also, some viral vectors use viruses that do not integrate their DNA, the cells just express the viral DNA (create the desired protein from it) and over time the viral DNA is degraded/ lost which wouldn't pose this threat.
This is long, but I hope it helped!
