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jarptica [38.1K]
3 years ago
14

Which phase change has more kinetic energy:boiling or melting?

Chemistry
1 answer:
Romashka-Z-Leto [24]3 years ago
5 0

the phase change of boiling has more kinetic energy.

boiling is a liquid ---> gas

melting is solid ---> liquid

in a liquid, there is medium kinetic energy but when a liquid is boiled it turns into a gas and gains more kinetic energy, so there is more movement and the particles move freely as there is high KE.

in a solid, there is low kinetic energy as the particles vibrate in fixed positions. a solid gains kinetic energy when it becomes a liquid (melting) and there is medium kinetic energy.

there is a higher amount of kinetic energy when a substance is boiled.

therefore, the answer is boiling.

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Which liquid has the highest vapor pressure at 75°C?
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Answer:

1)  Ethanol

Explanation:

If we will have <u>interactions</u> we will need more <u>energy</u> to break them in order to go from liquid to gas. If we need more <u>energy</u>, therefore, the <u>temperature will be higher</u>.

In this case, we can discard the <u>propanone</u> because this molecule don't have the ability to form <u>hydrogen bonds</u>. (Let's remember that to have hydrogen bonds we need to have a hydrogen bond to a <u>heteroatom</u>, O, N, P or S).

Then we have to analyze the hydrogen bonds formed in the other molecules. For ethanol, we will have only <u>1 hydrogen bond</u>. For water and ethanoic acid, we will have <u>2 hydrogen bonds</u>, therefore, we can discard the ethanol.  

For ethanoic acid, we have 2 <u>intramolecular hydrogen bonds</u>. For water we have 2 <u>intermolecular hydrogen bonds</u>, therefore, the strongest interaction will be in the <u>ethanoic acid</u>.

The<u> closer boiling point</u> to the 75ºC is the <u>ethanol</u> (boiling point of 78.8 ºC) therefore these molecules would have <u>enough energy</u> to <u>break</u> the hydrogen bonds and to past from<u> liquid to gas</u>.

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Why are reactions of ionic compounds very fast?
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3 years ago
Glycolic acid, which is a monoprotic acid and a constituent in sugar cane, has a pKa of 3.9. A 25.0 mL solution of glycolic acid
Phoenix [80]

Answer:

pH = 8.0

Explanation:

First, we have to calculate the moles of NaOH.

35.8 \times 10^{-3}L.\frac{0.020mol}{L} =7.2\times 10^{-4}mol

Let's consider the balanced equation.

C₂H₄O₃ + NaOH ⇒ C₂H₃O₃Na + H₂O

The molar ratio C₂H₄O₃: NaOH: C₂H₃O₃Na is 1: 1: 1. So, when 7.2 × 10⁻⁴ moles of NaOH react completely with 7.2 × 10⁻⁴ moles of C₂H₄O₃ they form 7.2 × 10⁻⁴ moles of C₂H₃O₃Na.

The concentration of C₂H₃O₃Na is:

\frac{7.2\times 10^{-4}mol}{60.8 \times 10^{-3}L} =0.012M

C₂H₃O₃Na dissociates according to the following equation:

C₂H₃O₃Na(aq) ⇒ C₂H₃O₃⁻(aq) + Na⁺(aq)

C₂H₃O₃⁻ comes from a weak acid so it undergoes basic hydrolisis.

C₂H₃O₃⁻ + H₂O ⇄ C₂H₄O₃ + OH⁻

If we know that pKa for C₂H₄O₃ is 3.9, we can calculate pKb for C₂H₃O₃⁻ using the following expression:

pKa + pKb = 14

pKb = 14 -3.9 = 10.1

10.1 = -log Kb

Kb = 7.9 × 10⁻¹¹

We can calculate [OH⁻] using the following expression:

[OH⁻] = √(Kb.Cb)               <em>where Cb is the initial concentration of the base</em>

[OH⁻] = √(7.9 × 10⁻¹¹ × 0.012M) = 9.7 × 10⁻⁷ M

Now, we can calculate pOH and pH.

pOH = -log [OH⁻] = -log (9.7 × 10⁻⁷) = 6.0

pH + pOH = 14

pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 6.0 = 8.0

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Answer:

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Explanation: hope this helped

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