Answer:
negative sanction
Explanation:
Sanctions can be defined as the means of enforcing rules.
Sanctions can be positive as well as negative.
A sanction is said to be positive when rewards are given for conforming to norms. Getting a promotion at work is a positive sanction for working hard.
Negative sanctions on the other hand are punishments given to people for violating norms. Being arrested is a punishment for shoplifting. Both types of sanctions play a role in social control.
We also have formal and informal sanctions.
Formal sanctions are the official ways to recognize and enforce violation of norms. In the event a student violates her college’s code of conduct, for example, she might be expelled. When an employee speaks inappropriately to the boss, he could be fired.
Answer:
total institution
Explanation:
Total institution: Total institution was first introduced with the work of one of the famous sociologist named Erving Goffman.
The term total institution is defined as a particular place of residence or work whereby a huge number of people who are similar to each other in various aspects lives and had been cut off from the respective community for quite a long period, and therefore these people created an enclosed and formally administered life.
In the question above, the military is an example of a total institution.
Answer:
Safety needs
Explanation:
Maslow developed a theory based on the needs of the human beings, he proposed a hierarchy of needs that is usually represented as a pyramid.
According to Maslow, needs lower down in the hierarchy need to be satisfied in order to focus in needs that are higher up in the pyramid.
The needs he proposed are:
- Physiological needs: refer to biological needs for human survival (food, warmth, sleep, etc)
- Safety needs: refer to protection from elements (security, order, stability)
- Love and belongingness needs: These has to do with the need for interpersonal relationships. (friendship, intimacy, love)
- Esteem needs: these needs refer to the need for respect or reputation (achievement, mastery, status).
- Self-actualization needs: Refer to realizing one own's potential and self-fulfillment. They refer to the need for personal growth and development throughout one's life. In other words, "To become everything one is capable of becoming".
William has volunteered to serve a war-torn country to try to improve the lives of its residents.
If the citizens have <u>enough to eat and drink, their physiological needs are being satisfied.</u>
Then, according to Maslow<u> we would need to fulfill the next group of needs in the hierarchy which corresponds to </u><u>Safety</u><u> </u><u>needs</u>, this is, the residents would need protection from the elements (by having a house or somewhere to live which provides security and stability).
Answer:
Cumulative Rewards
Explanation:
Cumulative rewards are those that have been acquired or collected through time.
In this case, Sylvia's friendship with Sarah goes back a long time, and has rewarded Sylvia in many ways during that time. For this reason, Sylvia has developed a emotional bond with Sarah that goes beyond a transactional relationship, and prompts her to continue being friends with Sarah despite the current shortcomings of the friendship.
