B. Cytoplasm- is made up of a jelly-like substance composed of mainly water and found between the cell membrane and nucleus. The cytoplasm makes up most of the body cells which hold organelles as well.
Remains the same: proton pumping rate, electron transport rate, rate of oxygen uptake
Decreases or goes to zero: Rate of ATP synthesis, size of the proton gradient
<span>(Gramicidin causes membranes to become very leaky to protons, so that a proton gradient cannot be maintained and ATP synthesis stops. However, the leakiness of the membrane has no effect on the ability of electron transport to pump protons. Thus, the rates of proton pumping, electron transport, and oxygen uptake remain unchanged.)</span>
D, different species in the world
Cell membrane is the answer
