This is an example of negative reinforcement.
Her mother scolded her every time Jane bit her nails - so Jane learned that every time she bites her nails, she is going to be scolded sternly by her mother. In order to avoid that, she stopped biting her nails, and thus the reinforcement was successful.
Answer: Gestalt approach
Explanation: The Gestalt approach or theory simply aims to define humans or objects in it's entirety. That is, considering every element, pattern or configuration that makes up an object in arriving at a definition or understanding of such object or phenomenon. The Gestalt approach negates the consideration of a single individual element in arriving at a conclusion or generalization of objects as it believes the idea results in a vague, hasty or false verdict or inference of such object or individual.
