Distributionally robust stochastic programs with side information based on trimmings
This is a research paper whose authors are Adrián Esteban-Pérez and Juan M. Morales.
Abstract:
- We look at stochastic programmes that are conditional on some covariate information, where the only knowledge of the possible relationship between the unknown parameters and the covariates is a limited data sample of their joint distribution. We build a data-driven Distributionally Robust Optimization (DRO) framework to hedge the decision against the inherent error in the process of inferring conditional information from limited joint data by leveraging the close relationship between the notion of trimmings of a probability measure and the partial mass transportation problem.
- We demonstrate that our technique is computationally as tractable as the usual (no side information) Wasserstein-metric-based DRO and provides performance guarantees. Furthermore, our DRO framework may be easily applied to data-driven decision-making issues involving tainted samples. Finally, using a single-item newsvendor problem and a portfolio allocation problem with side information, the theoretical findings are presented.
Conclusions:
- We used the relationship between probability reductions and partial mass transit in this study to give a straightforward, yet powerful and creative technique to expand the usual Wasserstein-metric-based DRO to the situation of conditional stochastic programming. In the process of inferring the conditional probability measure of the random parameters from a limited sample drawn from the genuine joint data-generating distribution, our technique generates judgments that are distributionally resilient to uncertainty. In a series of numerical tests based on the single-item newsvendor issue and a portfolio allocation problem, we proved that our strategy achieves much higher out-of-sample performance than several current options. We backed up these actual findings with theoretical analysis, demonstrating that our strategy had appealing performance guarantees.
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Answer:
-5 5/10, -32/40,5
whenever a number has a negative sign,the larger the number the smaller.
i.e (-55/10= -5.5) is smaller than -32/40=-0.8 and then the greatest is 5 since it is a positive number and positive numbers are greater than negative numbers.
Isabella earns $9.50 per hour. She would've earned $475 for the entire 50 hours.
Answer:
• zero: -4, -4/3, 7
• positive: -4 < x < -4/3 . . . or 7 < x
• negative: x < -4 . . . or -4/3 < x < 7
Step-by-step explanation:
Zeros of the function are at x=-4, -4/3, +7. These are the values that make each of the individual factors be zero. For example, x-7=0 when x=7.
The function will be negative for x-values left of an odd number of zeros. It will be positive for x-values left of an even number of zeros (including left of no zeros, which is to say right of all zeros). This is because the sign of the factor giving rise to the zero changes for x-values on either side of that zero. (This is not true for zeros with even multiplicity, as the sign does not change at those.)
Answer:
48x⁷ - 64x + 9
Step-by-step explanation:
Step 1: Write out expression
4x(12x⁶ - 4²) + 9
Step 2: Evaluate exponent
4x(12x⁶ - 16) + 9
Step 3: Distribute
48x⁷ - 64x + 9
