Answer:
(a) Calculate the rod base temperature (°C). = 299.86°C
(b) Determine the rod length (mm) for the case where the ratio of the heat transfer from a finite length fin to the heat transfer from a very long fin under the same conditions is 99 percent. = 0.4325m
Explanation:
see attached file below
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Answer:
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answer : NOR1(q_) wave is complementary to NOR2(q)
Explanation:
Note ; NOR 2 will be addressed as q in the course of this solution while NOR 1 will be addressed as q_
Initial state is unknown i.e q = 0 and q_= 1
from the diagram the waveform reset and set
= from 0ns to 20ns reset=1 and set=0.from the truth table considering this given condition q=0 and q_bar=1 while
from 30ns to 50ns reset=0 and set=1.from the truth table considering this condition q=1 and q_bar=1.so from 35ns also note there is a delay of 5 ns for the NOR gate hence the NOR 2 will be higher ( 1 )
From 50ns to 65ns both set and reset is 0.so NOR2(q)=0.
From 65 to 75 set=1 and reset=0,so our NOR 2(q)=1 checking from the truth table
also from 75 to 90 set=1 and reset=1 , NOR2(q) is undefined "?" and is mentioned up to 95ns.
since q_ is a complement of q, then NOR1(q_) wave is complementary to NOR2(q)
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Answer:
(a) Surface energy is greater than grain boundary energy due to the fact that the bonds of the atoms on the surface are lower than those of the atoms at the grain boundary. The energy is also directly proportional to the number of bonds created.
(b) The energy of a high-angle grain boundary is higher than that of a small-angle grain boundary because the high-angle grain boundary has a higher misalignment and smaller number of bonds than a small-angle grain boundary.
Explanation:
(a) Surface energy is greater than grain boundary energy due to the fact that the bonds of the atoms on the surface are lower than those of the atoms at the grain boundary. The energy is also directly proportional to the number of bonds created.
(b) The energy of a high-angle grain boundary is higher than that of a small-angle grain boundary because the high-angle grain boundary has a higher misalignment and smaller number of bonds than a small-angle grain boundary.