explain why the first ionization energy of krypton is greater than the first ionization energy of bromine

Chemistry

2 answers:

4vir4ik [10]3 years ago

8 0

Answer:

The atomic radius of krypton is similar to that of bromine. However, the effective nuclear charge of krypton is greater than that of bromine.

Explanation:

Ionizing an atom require moving an electron from the electron cloud of the atom to a point infinitely far away from the atom. The first ionization energy of this atom is the energy change in this process.

The electron and the nucleus are oppositely-charged. There is an electrostatic force between the two. Removing the electron requires overcoming this attraction. The size of the energy input depends on the electrostatic potential energy of the electron (the gravitational potential energy is much smaller than the electrostatic potential energy.) The separation between the electron and the nucleus is much larger than their radii. Both objects can be considered as point charges. Coulomb's Law gives the electrostatic potential energy of the two point charge that are close to each other.

$\displaystyle \text{Electrostatic Potential Energy} = -\frac{k\cdot (q_1\cdot q_2)}{r}$ ,

where

$k$ is Coulomb's constant,
$q_1$ and $q_2$ are the two charges, and
$r$ is the separation between the two charges.

Krypton and bromine are right next to each other in the same period. Their atomic radii will be similar to each other. The separation $r$ between the outermost electron and the nucleus will also be similar for the two elements.

The first charge $q_1$ can be the electron. However, data show that for elements after helium, the second charge $q_2$ is smaller than the sum of charges on all protons in the nucleus. It turns out that the inner shell electrons (all of which are also negative) repel electrons in the outermost valence shell. The effective nuclear charge $Z_\text{eff}$ of a neutral atom is approximately the same as the number of protons minus the number of non-valence electrons. That number will be slightly larger for krypton than for bromine. As a result, the electrostatic potential energy on a 4p (the outermost orbital for both Kr and Br) electron of krypton will be more negative than that on a 4p electron in bromine. Removing that electron will take more energy in Kr than in Br. The first ionization energy of Kr is hence greater than that of Br.

ch4aika [34]3 years ago

6 0

Answer:

because if krypton has more protons, therefore it has a greater nuclear charge so the electron is harder to remove.

Explanation:

You might be interested in

stiks02 [169]

Answer:

An organ is a part of the body that carries out its main function. Most organs are made out of tissues.

Explanation:

6 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Which of the following is true concerning ψ²? A) ψ² describes the probability of finding an electron in space. B) ψ² describes t

Ilia_Sergeevich [38]

Answer:

A) ψ² describes the probability of finding an electron in space.

Explanation:

The Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger formulated an equation that describes the behavior and energies of submicroscopic particles in general.

The Schrödinger equation incorporates both particle behavior, in terms of mass m, and wave behavior, in terms of a wave function ψ, which depends on the location in space of the system (such as an electron in an atom).

The probability of finding the electron in a certain region in space is proportional to the square of the wave function, ψ². According to wave theory, the intensity of light is proportional to the square of the amplitude of the wave, or ψ². The most likely place to find a photon is where the intensity is greatest, that is, where the value of ψ² is greatest. A similar argument associates ψ² with the likelihood of finding an electron in regions surrounding the nucleus.