Organisms, like bacteria or lichen, that can live on bare rock and form soil are called Pioneer species. In primary succession pioneer species like lichen, algae, bacteria , fungi as well as other abiotic factors like water and wind, start to normalize the habitat. This type of successions begins on rock formations, such as mountains or volcanoes, or in a place with no organisms or soil.
By looking at them with the microscope and analyzing it and then use the zoom and zoom it in more to get a better view of the molecules
The correct answer is: Protons are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space
Chemiosmosis can be described as movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient. It occurs during the cellular respiration within mitochondria and it is involved in ATP synthesis (oxidative phosphorylation via ATP synthase).
Electrons from electron carriers (NADH and FADH) donate electrons to the electron transport chain and that causes changes in protein complexes of electron transport chain. As a consequence, protein complexes pump H+ across a selectively permeable cell membrane from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space of mitochondria.
H+ can only get back and pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane with the help of ATP synthase (down their electrochemical gradient). ATP synthase turned by the force of the H+ diffusing through it forms ATP by adding a phosphate to ADP.
They are solitary animals, especially males who do not live in groups, unlike the female which can form small groups of three or four members with their young.
The males are very territorial, so take care of their personal space and the females with whom they mate. To mark their territory, they spray the trees and rocks with a mixture of urine and musk.
Both male and female, they are related only in times of mating and reproduction. There have been cases where the male is responsible for feeding breeding if the mother has died.
The gestation period lasts between 98 and 108 days and give birth to two to four cubs weighing just over a kilo. They have a short life expectancy, as only get to live 10 to 12 years in the wild, but in captivity Natural mortality manage to live up to 26. It is mainly due to the fighting between males
Answer:
Oil
Explanation:
Since, unlike oil, source like wind, solar, water etc. come naturally we don't and can't replace them but when the viscosity in oil has been used up it must be change to allow the proper functioning of the machine.
