A compound that yields hydrogen ions when dissolved in a solution is an acid.
An example is an <em>aqueous solution of HCl.</em>
Biphenyl will have a higher R value than the Methyl Orange.
Explanation:
Biphenyl is a aromatic hydrocarbon and it is a nonpolar molecule.
Methyl Orange is a organic compound with a -SO₃⁻Na⁺ polar functional group which will induce a high polarity in the compound.
You may find the chemical structures of both molecules in the attached picture.
Column chromatography, which use as stationary phase silica gel, is a good technique for separation of the Methyl Orange from Biphenyl.
Being a non-polar molecule, Biphenyl will have a higher R value than the Methyl Orange.
To separate them you use a appropriate solvent as eluent, as exemple chloroform, and Biphenyl will elute first from the column and after that, as a separate phase, Methyl Orange will elute thus separating them.
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chromatography
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H2SO4 + 2RbOH -> Rb2SO4 + 2H2O
If you want an explanation, keep reading.
In the first portion, there are two hydrogen ions and four sulfate ions.
The second portion has one rubidium ions and one hydroxide ion.
On the other side of the equation, in order to keep those two rubidiums balanced, you'll need to add a two at the beginning of the second portion, but in that process you are giving a second hydroxide value.
Back to the right side, there is there is water (H2O).
On the first portion, there were two hydrogen ions. The second portion also has two hydroxides because of the value change (adding the two to the front).
So on the fourth portion, you'd have to add another two so you could balance the four hydrogen ions (H2 and 2OH) and the two oxygen ions (2OH).
I hope this was easy to understand.