Answer:
G is a universal constant of gravitation whose unit is Newton per meter square per kilogram square (Nm^2kg^-2)
Changing the number of electrons affect an atom's charge.
Changing the number of neutrons will produce an isotope of the atom.
Changing the number of protons will turn one atom into the other. For instance, Oxygen has 8 proton, if the proton number is increased by 1, the atom will become Fluorine, which has 9 protons
Answer:
This result is a very good approximation, because R>>d
Explanation:
The capacitance for two parallel flat plates, with surface S, space between them d, is:
This calculation is based on the fact that the electric field is constant between the plates. This only happens if the area of the plates is much larger than the distance between them: S>>d, i.e. R>>d. If we assume these factors, the result has a very good approximation.
Answer:
λ= 2455 nm
Explanation:
Constructive interference occurs when the optical path difference is equal to an integer multiple of wavelength. Let's examine the reflection on each face
On the first surface we go from a lower medium refractive index (air) to one with a higher index (film), whereby a phase change of pi (180º) is introduced. On the second surface instead of the beginning of refraction, it is from a higher index to a smaller one, so there is no phase change, with this we can write the normal interference equation.
2 t = (m + ½)
The term lann is the wavelength in the film that is related to the wavelength in the air by
= λ / n
2t = (m + ½) λ / n
λ = 2t n / (m + ½)
For the first constructive interference m = 0
λ = 2 0.448 10⁻⁶ 1.37 / (0 + ½)
λ = 2,455 10⁻⁶ m
λ = 2,455 10⁻⁶ m (10⁹ nm / 1m)
λ= 2455 nm
For m = 1
λ = 2 0.448 10-6 1.37/ (1 + ½)
λ = 0.81835 10-6 m
λ = 818 nm
We can observe that the length and where it corresponds to ultraviolet light, so there is no constructive interference for visible light.
Hope this answers your questions...
When heat is added to a substance, the atoms and molecules begin to vibrate faster. As that happens the gap between them increases. Opposite happens when cooled, atoms and molecules begin to vibrate slower and the gap between each other decreases. Thus the motion and spacing between atoms signifies the state of matter of the substance.