How is a molecule of hydrogen formed from two hydrogen atoms?
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Answer: Oil: covalent
Cornstarch: Covalent
Sodium chloride: Ionic
Sodium bicarbonate: Ionic
Explanation: Covalent compounds are formed by sharing of electrons between non metals whereas ionic compounds are formed by transfer of electrons from metals to non metals.
1. Oil, which is built from the nonmetals hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen: forms a covalent compound by sharing of electrons between non metals hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen. Covalent compounds are insoluble in water.
2. Cornstarch, a carbohydrate consisting of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen: forms a covalent compound by sharing of electrons between non metals hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen. Covalent compounds are insoluble in water.
3. Sodium chloride (table salt), whose formula is NaCl is formed by transfer of electrons from sodium to chlorine.Ionic compounds are soluble in water.
4. Sodium bicarbonate, whose formula is is formed by transfer of electrons from sodium to
.Ionic compounds are soluble in water.
I have provided the full reaction scheme for the synthesis of 4-methyl-3-hexanone from the reaction of acetylene and bromoethane. Acetylene is initially reacted with NaNH₂ which is a strong base that deprotonates the C-H of the acetylene which creates a carbon nucleophile which will then attack the electrophilic carbon containing the bromo in bromoethane. This is a simple sn2 substitution. Essentially an ethyl group is added to each side of the triple bond in acetylene.
With the 3-hexyne in hand, the triple bond is reduced using Lindlar's catalyst which will hydrogenate only to the alkene and stop. The 3-hexene is then reacted with a peroxycarboxylic acid which is used to epoxidize the alkene, to give the epoxide.
The epoxide is reacted with the grignard reagent which treats the methyl as a strong nucleophile. The methyl adds to one carbon of the epoxide and opens the ring. The acid is added at the end to protonate the alcohol.
Finally, the alcohol is oxidized with chromic acid which will oxidize a secondary alcohol to the ketone. The final product is 4-methyl-3-hexanone.
With the 3-hexyne in hand, the triple bond is reduced using Lindlar's catalyst which will hydrogenate only to the alkene and stop. The 3-hexene is then reacted with a peroxycarboxylic acid which is used to epoxidize the alkene, to give the epoxide.
The epoxide is reacted with the grignard reagent which treats the methyl as a strong nucleophile. The methyl adds to one carbon of the epoxide and opens the ring. The acid is added at the end to protonate the alcohol.
Finally, the alcohol is oxidized with chromic acid which will oxidize a secondary alcohol to the ketone. The final product is 4-methyl-3-hexanone.