Answer:
<em>This type of error affects overall accuracy but does not necessarily affect precision.</em> - Systematic error
<em>This type of error affects precision but does not necessarily affect overall accuracy.</em> - Random error
<em>This type of error occurs if you use a buret that was calibrated incorrectly when it was made.</em> - Systematic error
<em>You can minimize this type of error by taking repeated measurements.</em> - Random error
Explanation:
<em>Systematic errors are errors that are attributable to instrument being used during measurement or consistent incorrect measurement during a research</em>. They are consistently and repeatedly committed during measurements and therefore affect the overall accuracy of measurements. A person committing systematic error can have precise repeated measurement but will be far from being accurate.
R<em>andom errors on the other hand has no pattern and are usually unavoidable because they cannot be predicted.</em> When sufficient replicate measurements are made, such errors are reduced to the barest minimum and usually do not affect the overall accuracy of measurements.
Consequently, the ion with the greatest nuclear charge (Al 3 +) is the smallest, and the ion with the smallest nuclear charge (N 3−) is the largest. The neon atom in this isoelectronic series is not listed in Table 2.8.3, because neon forms no covalent or ionic compounds and hence its radius is difficult to measure.
The hardest material is diamond. The hardest artificial substance would wurtzite boron nitride. That's basically just man-made diamonds.
Answer: The hydroboration of an alkene occurs in TWO CONCERTED STEP which places the boron of the borane on the LESS SUBSTITUTED carbon of the double bond. The oxidizing agent then acts as a nucleophile, attacking the electrophilic BORON and resulting in the placement of a hydroxyl group on the attached carbon. Thus, the major product of the hydroboration oxidation reaction DOES NOT follow Markovnikov's rule.
Explanation:
Hydroboration is defined as the process which allows boron to attain the octet structure. This involves a two steps pathway which leads to the production of alcohol.
--> The first step: this involves the initiation of the addittion of borane to the alkene and this proceeds as a concerted reaction because bond breaking and bond formation occurs at the same time.
--> The second step: this involves the addition of boron which DOES NOT follow Markovnikov's rule( that is, Anti Markovnikov addition of Boron). This is so because the boron adds to the less substituted carbon of the alkene, which then places the hydrogen on the more substituted carbon.
Note: The Markovnikov rule in organic chemistry states that in alkene addition reactions, the electron-rich component of the reagent adds to the carbon atom with fewer hydrogen atoms bonded to it, while the electron-deficient component adds to the carbon atom with more hydrogen atoms bonded to it.
