To know this you pretty much do have to kind of memorize a few electronegativities. I don't recall ever getting a table of electronegativities on an exam.
From the structure, you have:
I remember the following electronegativities most because they are fairly patterned:
EN
H
=
2.1
EN
C
=
2.5
EN
N
=
3.0
EN
O
=
3.5
EN
F
=
4.0
EN
Cl
=
3.5
Notice how carbon through fluorine go in increments of
~
0.5
. I believe Pauling made it that way when he determined electronegativities in the '30s.
Δ
EN
C
−
Cl
=
1.0
Δ
EN
C
−
H
=
0.4
Δ
EN
C
−
C
=
0.0
Δ
EN
C
−
O
=
1.0
Δ
EN
O
−
H
=
1.4
So naturally, with the greatest electronegativity difference of
4.0
−
2.5
=
1.5
, the
C
−
F
bond is most polar, i.e. that bond's electron distribution is the most drawn towards the more electronegative compound as compared to the rest.
When the electron distribution is polarized and drawn towards a more electronegative atom, the less electronegative atom has to move inwards because its nucleus was previously favorably attracted to the electrons from the other atom.
That means generally, the greater the electronegativity difference between two atoms is, the shorter you can expect the bond to be, insofar as the electronegative atom is the same size as another comparable electronegative atom.
However, examining actual data, we would see that on average, in conditions without other bond polarizations occuring:
r
C
−
Cl
≈
177 pm
r
C
−
C
≈
154 pm
r
C
−
O
≈
143 pm
r
C
−
F
≈
135 pm
r
C
−
H
≈
109 pm
r
O
−
H
≈
96 pm
So it is not necessarily the least electronegativity difference that gives the longest bond.
Therefore, you cannot simply consider electronegativity. Examining the radii of the atoms, you should notice that chlorine is the biggest atom in the compound.
r
Cl
≈
79 pm
r
C
≈
70 pm
r
H
≈
53 pm
r
O
≈
60 pm
So assuming the answer is truly
C
−
C
, what would have to hold true is that:
The
C
−
F
bond polarization makes the carbon more electropositive (which is true).
The now more electropositive carbon wishes to attract bonding pairs from chlorine closer, thereby shortening the
C
−
Cl
bond, and potentially the
C
−
H
bond (which is probably true).
The shortening of the
C
−
Cl
bond is somehow enough to be shorter than the
C
−
C
bond (this is debatable).
The major drawback of fossil fuels is that they warm the planet i.e. they cause global warming.
The reaction typically gives off heat and light as well. The general equation for a complete combustion reaction is:
Fuel + O2 → CO2 + H2O + ENERGY
<h3>
Disadvantages of Fossil fuels</h3>
The term "fossil fuels" refers to flammable organic geologic formations, including dead organic matter that has been buried hundreds of feet beneath sediment.
- Fossil fuel emissions include various oxides, such as carbon, nitrogen, and sulfate, which cause acid rain and harm the soil's fertility and water quality.
- Both coal and petroleum burning discharge a significant amount of pollutants into the atmosphere, contributing to pollution levels.
- Gases like carbon dioxide are released through the burning of fossil fuels, which aids in climate change.
To view similar questions on Fossil fuels, refer to:
brainly.com/question/14339391
#SPJ4
If there is a constant loss of 
the concentration of 
will be affected and decrease since 
is a main component of 
.
Hope it helped,
BioTeacher101
a. They are both normally found as gases in the atmosphere. TRUE
That is correct, the oxygen and nitrogen are found in large quantities in the air around us.
b. They can be either liquids or gases. TRUE
Under certain temperatures any gas will transform into a liquid.
c.They turn from gas to liquid at the same temperature. FALSE
Oxygen it will pass into a liquid at -183 °C while nitrogen pass into a liquid at -195.8 °C.
d.They can be changed from gases to liquids by heating them. FALSE
The gases change to liquids by cooling them.
