A. Spinal cord injury- 2. Quadriplegic
B. Traumatic brain injury - 1. Headaches
C. Knee injury - 3. Limited ability to walk and run
Answer:
A. using radiation to treat a cancer patient
Explanation:
Radiotherapy is a treatment in which ionizing radiation (X-ray, for example) is used to destroy a tumor or prevent its cells from enlarging. These radiations are not seen and during application the patient feels nothing.
Cancer patients are treated with radiation and the result is usually very positive. For many patients, it is a very effective way, causing the tumor to disappear and the disease to be controlled or even cured. When it is not possible to cure, radiotherapy can contribute to the improvement of quality of life. That's because applications shrink the size of the tumor, which relieves pressure, reduces bleeding, pain and other symptoms, providing relief to patients.
Although radiotherapy tends to cause more side effects. It is important to remember that most patients will only have some of the side effects, like nauseas, vomiting, fatigue, hair loss, and the destroy of cell (not just the "bad" cells but also the "good" ones, which are responsabile to defend the organism).
Answer:
A. epinephrine
Explanation:
Bronchial constriction usually involves the tightening of the smooth muscles which surrounds the tube-like bronchial airways. This occurs via extra mucus production, spasming of smooth muscles, or swelling/inflammation of layers within bronchi or bronchioles. Bronchial constriction typically results in symptoms of wheezing, coughing and shortness of breath.
This can be treated via the use of the hormone epinephrine, a bronchiodilator. For some cases like asthma, epinephrine in small aerosolized (inhaled) doses can lead to the <em>temporary</em> relief of symptoms. Epinephrine acts by making bronchial tubes wider to allow the passage of air.
In the body, smooth muscle cells in the veins, arteries and heart are under the control of epinephrine receptors called β2 receptors. Epinephrine binding to the receptor triggers a cell signalling cascade that activates β2 receptors to dilate smooth muscle in the lungs.
Here's how-
- Calcium is essential to mediating muscle cell signalling and thus contraction
- in the lungs, epinepherine-β2 receptor binding leads to enzyme activation (adenylyl cyclase)
- conversion of the energy molecule ATP to the secondary messenger molecule cyclic AMP.
- cAMP inhibits the activity of the enzyme <em>myosin light chain kinase </em>(MLCK) in smooth muscle
- ∴ the enzyme remains inactive and the muscles relax
<em>Summary:</em><em> epinephrine → muscle relaxation →</em><em> bronchial dilation (reduced diameter) </em><em>→ decreased respiratory distress → easier breathing.</em>
A. Hand signals help car and truck drivers anticipate your movements
