In the gametophyte phase, which is haploid (having a single set of chromosomes), male and female organs (gametangia) develop and produce eggs and sperm (gametes) through simple mitosis for sexual reproduction. ... When the spore wall cracks under appropriate moist conditions, the fern gametophyte is formed.
A food chain is a linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another. ... Food webs consist of many interconnected food chains and are more realistic representation of consumption relationships in ecosystems.
