1789 -- raité élémentaire de chimie is a textbook written by Antoine Lavoisier published in 1789 and translated into English by Robert Kerr in 1790 under the title Elements of Chemistry
Answer:
A reaction is non-spontaneous at any temperature when the Gibbs free energy > 0.
Explanation:
There is a state function, that determines if a reaction is sponaneous or non spontaneous:
ΔG = Gibbs free energy
A reaction is non spontaneous when it does require energy to produce that reaction. It will be spontaneous, when the reaction does not require energy to be occured.
The formula is: ΔG = ΔH - T.ΔS
ΔH → Enthalpy → Energy gained or realeased as heat.
ΔH < 0 → <em>Exothermic reaction. Spontaneity is favored
</em>
T → Temperature
ΔS → Entropy → Degree of disorder of a system.
When the system has a considered disorder ΔS > 0, disorder increases.
When the system is more ordered, ΔS < 0, disorder decreases.
The reaction will be non spontaneous if, the enthalpy is positive (endothermic reaction) and the ΔS < 0 (disorder decreases). It will not occur if we do not give energy.
ΔG < 0 → Spontaneous reaction
ΔG > 0 → Non spontaneous reaction
ΔG = 0 → System in equilibrium
Answer:
3. It should restate the question
4. a controlled experiment
5. if I freeze a tennis ball then it will not bounce as high
Explanation:
1.008 I am Very sure We just learned this..
Density = mass/volume
density = 81 grams/0.9 cubic centimetersdensity = 90 grams per cubic centimeter
The density of the sample is 90 grams per cubic centimeter.
