Ecology, also called bioecology, bionomics, or environmental biology, study of the relationships between organisms and their environment.
Give him/her Medicine because the fever is high/low!!
The PCR amplification process most frequently employs an enzyme known as Taq DNA polymerase.
Taq Polymerase, or Taq DNA polymerase, is a biological catalyst that helps nucleotides join together to form DNA. Taq polymerase is a protein that is 832-amino acids long and has a molecular weight of 94 kilodaltons. It is a homolog of the Pol I DNA polymerase that is found in <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E.coli</em>) (approx). This enzyme can withstand temperatures up to 95 degrees Celsius for 40 minutes before reaching its half-life. At the ideal temperature of 72 degrees Celsius, the rate of nucleotide incorporation ranges from two to four kilobases per minute.
Polymerase chain reaction operates at a very high temperature. At this temperature, Taq polymerase is able to carry out its function efficiently.
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Insulin is a protein hormone secreted by the β-cells of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. It has an important effect on the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins by promoting the absorption of glucose present in the blood by fat cells, liver cells and those of skeletal muscles.
Insulins reduce blood sugar by a double action:
- by stimulating the peripheral uptake of glucose, in particular by skeletal muscle (by promoting the synthesis of glucogen) and adipose tissue (by promoting the synthesis of lipids).
- by inhibiting the hepatic production of glucose. This shows that the action of insulin on the hepatocytes is different from that of other cells.
To explain these differences, we must address notions of genetics, and more specifically epigenetics: All these cells have the same genome (identical DNA), but the expression of the latter in the different cells are very different. For example, for adipocytes, the expression of the enzymes involved in lipogenesis is favored, whereas the expression of the enzymes of glucogenogenesis is favored in the muscle cells, and in the liver there is a genetic overexpression of the enzymes of neoglucogenesis.
M. J. Schleiden:
In the year 1838, a German botanist presented the first cell theory (Although his theory was ultimately disproved, it did contribute to a change in scientific focus to cellular processes.)
<h3>
What is cell?</h3>
All living creatures and body tissues are made up of the smallest unit that can live on its own. The cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm are the three primary components of a cell. The cell membrane encloses the cell and regulates the molecules that enter and exit it.
His theory: Cells make up all plant tissues, and an embryonic plant is made up of just one cell. He declared that the cell is the fundamental building block of all plant matter.
Louis Pasteur- 1855 - German physiologist, physician, pathologist; and anthropologist. Added a third to the cell theory: Omnis Cellula e cellula (all cells develop only from existing cells).- Implied that there was no Spontaneous generation.
Rudolf Virchow- In 1862 he conducted a famous experiment supporting the theory that cells can only come from other cells.
His experiment:
Steralized flasks with straight and curved necks were used to heat nutrient broths. Bacteria only developed in the straight necks because bacteria cells from the air settled in the S-shaped necks' curves. Spontaneous gen did not produce proven cells in the broth.
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