I mean, there's plenty of differences between muscle and nerve cells. For one, they serve different functions. Nerve cells react and send stimuli rapidly through action potentials, functioning in the nervous system and allowing the brain to communicate with the rest of the body, while muscle cells allow muscles to move. Another difference is the structure of the cells, with nerve cells having dendrites, axons, and neurotransmitters to assist in the firing of action potentials. You're going to have to be a little more specific, I can't really help you any more with such a broad question.
Answer:
Bicarbonate ion, HCO3- (which has a similar charge to chloride ions) also follow sodium ions into the blood. Also, potassium ions, K+ are transported into the nephron so some chloride ions and bicarbonate ions remains in the nephron to balance the charge.
Explanation:
Sodium is the primary positively charged electrolyte in extracellular fluid. Most of the solute reabsorbed in the proximal tubule is in the form of sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride. Water is also reabsorbed in order to balance osmotic pressure
When sodium ions are reabsorbed into the blood, few of the substances that are transported with Na+ on the membrane facing the lumen of the tubules include Cl- ions, Ca2+ ions, amino acids, and glucose. Sodium is actively exchanged for K+ using ATP on the basal membrane.
In the distal convoluted tubule, K+ and H+ ions are selectively secreted into the filtrate, while Na+, Cl-, and HCO3- ions are reabsorbed to maintain pH and electrolyte balance in the blood.
Some chloride ions remains in the nephron to balance the charge of the secreted K+ ions and also due to the bicarbonate ions that are removed.
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