HCl is a polar molecule with the hydrogen part being partial positive while the chlorine end being partial negative. This is because hydrogen has an electronegativity of 2.1, and chlorine has an electronegativity of 3.0. This means that chlorine attracted most of the electron cloud of molecule hence is the negative dipole, The dipole moment of HCl is 1.08 D (debyes). A Debye is equal to 3.34 x 10-30 coulomb-meters (C-m). The charge of each molecule is o.176+ for H and 0.176- for the Cl
Answer:
1s2 2s2 2p6
Explanation:
The nitride ion(N^3-) is formed when nitrogen gains three electrons. Nitrogen possesses seven electrons in its orbitals and ordinarily has the electronic configuration; 1s2 2s2 2p3. However,being in group 15, nitrogen can accept three electrons to form the nitride ion and complete its octet of electrons. When this happens, three electrons are added to the nitrogen atom and the electronic configuration is now the same as that of Neon, its closest noble gas which is 1s2 2s2 2p6. Hence the answer given above.
Elements can accept or donate electrons in order to complete their octet structure in accordance to the octet rule which states that atoms and ions must possess eight electrons in their outermost shell in order to attain chemical stability. The reason for ion formation and chemical reaction is in order for species to attain the octet structure.
Answer:
Total number of ATP molecules generated from a 32-carbon fatty acid = 206 ATP molecules
Explanation:
A 32 carbon fatty acid which undergoes complete beta-oxidation assuming that the fatty acid is fully saturated will pass through the beta-oxidation cycle 14 times to produce the following:
15 molecules of acetylCoA, 14 molecules of FADH₂, and 14 molecules of NADH.
Each of the 15 acetylCoA molecules can be further oxidized in the citric acid cycle to yield the following: 15 × 3 NADH; 15 × 1 FADH₂, and 15 ATP molecules from the substrate level phosphorylation occuring at the succinylCoA synthetase catalyzed-reaction.
Total FADH₂ produced = 15 + 14 = 29 molecules of FADH₂
Total NADH produced = 45 + 14 = 59 molecules of NADH
The FADH₂ and NADH will each donate a pair of electrons to the electron transfer flavoprotein and mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase respectively of the electron transport chain, and about 1.5 and 2.5 molecules of ATP are generated respectively when these electrons are transfered to molecular oxygen.
Thus, number of molecules of ATP generated by 29 molecules of FADH₂ = 1.5 × 29 = 43.5 molecules of ATP.
Number of molecules of ATP generated by 59 molecules of NADH = 2.5 × 59 = 147.5
Sum of ATP generated from FADH₂ and NADH = 43.5 + 147.5 = 191 ATP molecules
Total number of ATP molecules generated = 191 + 15 = 206 ATP molecules
Total number of ATP molecules generated from a 32-carbon fatty acid = 206 ATP molecules
