<span>The solid lines between N and Mg are actually ionic bonds. N has 5 valence electrons (2 of which are paired). Of the 3 that are unpaired, 2 are part of covalent bonds with adjacent carbon atoms. N accepts an extra electron to complete its octet, but gets a formal charge of -1. This allows for formation of an ionic bond with Mg, which is +2. Two of these charged N atoms therefore neutralize the charge of the central Mg. As for the coordinate (dative) covalent bonds, Mg has empty orbitals - the ionic bonds with the charged N atoms give it only 4/8 possible valence electrons.
The other two N atoms (dotted lines) have a formal charge of 0 since they form three covalent bonds with adjacent carbon atoms, but they still have a lone pair. Therefore, just to improve stability, each of these N atoms can "donate" its lone pair to Mg in order to complete its octet.
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The balanced combustion reaction of propane, C₃H₈, is
C₃H₈ + 5 O₂ → 3 CO₂ + 4 H₂O
Molar mass of propane: 44 g/mol
Moles of propane = 42 g * (1 mol/44g) = 0.9545 mol propane
Molar mass of oxygen: 32 g/mol
Moles of oxygen = 115 g * (1 mol/32 g) = 3.594 mol oxygen
Moles of oxygen needed to completely react propane:
0.9545 mol propane * (5 mol O₂/1 mol propane) = 4.7725 mol oxygen
Since the available oxygen is only 3.594 moles and propane needs 4.7725 moles, that means oxygen is our limiting reactant. We base the amount of water produced here.
Molar mass of water: 18 g/mol
Mass of water produced = 3.594 mol O₂ * (4 mol H₂O/5 mol O₂) * (18 g/mol)
Mass of water produced = 258.768 grams
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It would be the needle pressure gage temp check
