There are three types of artificial cloning:
Gene cloning: copies a few segments of DNA or genes.
Reproductive cloning: it copies the whole animal.
Therapeutic cloning: produces embryonic stem cells for experiments aimed at creating tissues to replace injured or diseased tissues.
Answer: Trade winds :)
Explanation: just took the test
Answer:
The order of reactivity towards electrophilic susbtitution is shown below:
a. anisole > ethylbenzene>benzene>chlorobenzene>nitrobenzene
b. p-cresol>p-xylene>toluene>benzene
c.Phenol>propylbenzene>benzene>benzoic acid
d.p-chloromethylbenzene>p-methylnitrobenzene> 2-chloro-1-methyl-4-nitrobenzene> 1-methyl-2,4-dinitrobenzene
Explanation:
Electron donating groups favor the electrophilic substitution reactions at ortho and para positions of the benzene ring.
For example: -OH, -OCH3, -NH2, Alkyl groups favor electrophilic aromatic substitution in benzene.
The -I (negative inductive effect) groups, electron-withdrawing groups deactivate the benzene ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution.
Examples: -NO2, -SO3H, halide groups, Carboxylic acid groups, carbonyl gropus.
Answer:
Diasteriomers
Stereoisomers
Stereoisomers
Meso compounds
Constitutional isomers
Enantiomers
Enantiomers
Explanation:
Isomers are compounds that posses the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.
Constitutional isomers differ only in atom to atom connectivity while stereoisomers differ in arrangement of atoms in space. Stereo isomers differ in physical and chemical properties of the compounds.
When stereo isomers are non-superimpossible mirror images of each other, they are called enantiomers. Enantiomers have the same chemical and physical properties and differ only in their reaction with chiral substances.
Achiral compounds are compounds that do not exhibit chirality. Some achiral compounds contain stereogenic centers and are called meso compounds.
