Passengers in an aircraft are subject to the Normal and Gravity Force acting on them at a low 'orbit', so tiny that it can be many times compared to the same surface of the earth when speaking in general terms.
In a high orbit space vehicle or in the same space, said force decreases considerably or simply disappears, generating the sensation of weightlessness.
Remember that the Force of Gravity is given under the principle

Where,
G = Gravitational Universal constant
M = Mass of the planet
m = mass of the object
r = Distance from center of the planet
When the radius grows considerably the gravitational force begins to decrease.
Answer:
Part A:
Distance=864000 m=864 km
Part B:
Energy Used=ΔE=8638000 Joules
Part C:

Explanation:
Given Data:
v=20m/s
Time =t=12 hours
In Secs:
Time=12*60*60=43200 secs
Solution:
Part A:
Distance = Speed**Time
Distance=v*t
Distance= 20*43200
Distance=864000 m=864 km
Part B:
Energy Used=ΔE= Energy Required-Kinetic Energy of swans
Energy Required to move= Power Required*time
Energy Required to move=200*43200=8640000 Joules
Kinetic Energy=

Energy Used=ΔE=8640000 -2000
Energy Used=ΔE=8638000 Joules
Part C:
Fraction of Mass used=Δm/m
For This first calculate fraction of energy used:
Fraction of energy=ΔE/Energy required to move
ΔE is calculated in part B
Fraction of energy=8638000/8640000
Fraction of energy=0.99977
Kinetic Energy=
Now, the relation between energies ratio and masses is:



We can solve this using Snell's Law which is represented by the equation:
sin θ₁ / sin θ₂ = n₂ / n₁
From the problem, we can substitute values and solve for the angle of refraction.
sin 19 / sin θ₂ = 1.65 / 1
θ₂ = 11.38°
The angle of refraction would be 11.38°.
Answer:
Explanation:
Given
For first case
launch angle 
at highest point 


For second case

at highest Point velocity is 

as there is no acceleration in x direction therefore horizontal velocity is same