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- The interactions between Earth's five systems—the geosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere—create the conditions we are accustomed to.
- The rock cycle, the food chain, the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle, the water cycle, and the energy cycle are a few examples found in the Earth system.
- The major Earth circulation processes that move water, carbon, and nutrients renew essential elements for life and contribute to climate control. The continents, atmosphere, oceans, ice, and life on Earth are dynamic elements that constantly change and interact in a wide variety of ways.
- A system is made up of four independent spheres. A change in one sphere may result in another change because the spheres interact. Fields are plowed by humans (biosphere) using farm equipment made of geosphere materials, while plants are watered by precipitation (hydrosphere) brought by the atmosphere.
How much work does Jonathan do on the bicycle pedals within the Jonathan-bicycle-Earth system during this process?
To learn more about Earth's system, refer to:
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