A biconditional is anything in the form A <-> B. This is a compact way of saying (A -> B) & (B -> A). We replace A and B with logical statements.
Disjunctions are of the basic form A v B. The "v" basically means "or".
Any conditional is of the form "if... then...". For example, "if it rains, then it gets wet outside" is a conditional. In terms of logic symbols, we write A -> B to mean "if A, then B".
Conjunctions are whenever we combine two logical statements with an "and" or an ampersand symbol. The basic form is A & B
Negations are the complete opposite of the original. If the original is P, then the negation is ~P, which is read as "not P".