To make it easier on us go to http://scienceprimer.com/punnett-square-calculator and edit the alleles to the PpRr for parent 1 and parent 2
I believe its a because the sun is located in a spiral arm of the galaxy so we would be farther away from the center than we would be if we were not in an arm hope it helps
Answer/Reasoning - Electromagnetic Wave travel and are created by vibration of electric charge. Which means they can travel through vacuum, air, solid materials.
I think it’s C, cooling and hardening, but I might be wrong. If it’s wrong then I’m sorry.