Question

I dont get this at all

Answer 1

Examples of continuous, quantitative variable:  your weight over time.  You could weigh 155 pounds today, 155.8 tomorrow, and so on.  So:  Your weight is a continuous variable, a quantitative variable because measurement is involved, and one of the proper units of measurement is pounds (English system).

Example of a qualitative variable:  make of car.  Your mom has a Ford and your dad a Mercedes-Benz.  Do we measure "make of car" with numbers?  No.  Does your cousin have a car which is half Ford-built and half Mercedes-built?  No, so "make of car" is discrete; it's this or it's that, but nothing in between makes sense.  Unit of measurement?  None.

Sex (male or female):  Despite today's discussions about transgender individuals, it's long been accepted that individuals are either male or female, a discrete designation.  Those are qualitative labels.  No unit of measurement here.

OK?

Move on to the next case.<span />

Answer 2

Continuous vs discrete is if you can count vs. measure the results. For example: you can run 13. 5 miles but you can't have 13.5 dogs. Miles (measurable) are continuous while dogs (countable) are discrete. 

Qualitative results are when a result is not a number, and qualitative is when the result is a number. For example: if you're doing a lab and a result is either going to be "blue" or "green", that's qualitative, since those aren't number values. However, if you were measuring distance, that would be qualitative, since you would get a result of "6 meters" or "2.5 inches", which are numerical values. 

The scale of measurement are the units in which you are measuring something it. For example: distance has units of inches, feet, miles, etc... and weight has units of grams, kilograms, tons, etc...

Hope this helps! -Alex :)