Explanation:
A solid state laser contains a cavity like structure fitted with spherical mirrors or plane mirrors at the end filled with a rigidly bonded crystal. It uses solid as the medium. It uses glass or crystalline materials.
It is known that active medium used for this type of laser is a solid material. This lasers are pumped optically by means of a light source which is used as a source of energy for the laser. The solid materials gets excited by absorbing energy in the form of light from the light source. Here the pumping source is light energy.
Answer:
The provided length of the vertical curve is satisfactory for the reconstruction design speed of 60 mi/h
Explanation:
The explanation is shown on the first uploaded image
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Answer:
Explanation:
Using the expression shown below as:
Where,
is the number of vacancies
N is the number of defective sites
k is Boltzmann's constant = 
is the activation energy
T is the temperature
Given that:
N = 10 moles
1 mole = 
So,
N = 
Temperature = 425°C
The conversion of T( °C) to T(K) is shown below:
T(K) = T( °C) + 273.15
So,
T = (425 + 273.15) K = 698.15 K
T = 698.15 K
Applying the values as:
![ln[\frac {2.3}{6.023}\times 10^{-11}]=-\frac {Q_v}{1.38\times 10^{-23}\times 698.15}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=ln%5B%5Cfrac%20%7B2.3%7D%7B6.023%7D%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-11%7D%5D%3D-%5Cfrac%20%7BQ_v%7D%7B1.38%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-23%7D%5Ctimes%20698.15%7D)
Answer:
R=1923Ω
Explanation:
Resistivity(R) of copper wire at 20 degrees Celsius is 1.72x10^-8Ωm.
Coil length(L) of the wire=37.0m
Cross-sectional area of the conductor or wire (A) = πr^2
A= π * (2.053/1000)/2=3.31*10^-6
To calculate for the resistance (R):
R=ρ*L/A
R=(1.72*10^8)*(37.0)/(3.31*10^-6)
R=1922.65Ω
Approximately, R=1923Ω
